"CAD" stands for Comuter Aided Drawing. It helps in creating massive piles of drawings, as people love it since it has been absolutely great. As a starter, you can read more about it
Modern vehicles are no longer just machines on wheels. Through Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication , they are becoming active participants in intelligent transport systems, enabling safer driving, smoother traffic, and progress toward automation. DSRC: The First Step The earliest V2X technology was Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) , based on IEEE 802.11p. Operating in the 5.9 GHz band , it allowed onboard units (OBUs) in vehicles to exchange safety and infotainment data with roadside units (RSUs) . While DSRC was effective for short-range messaging, it faced limits in coverage, data rate, and quality of service (QoS) . These challenges motivated researchers to explore new solutions. D2D and the Cellular Shift A key breakthrough came with Device-to-Device (D2D) communication , where vehicles exchange information directly without always relying on infrastructure. This reduces latency, eases network congestion, and helps maintain reliability in crow...
GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this module, the student should be able to: 1. Understand the historical development of engineering and technology. 2. Know the cadres and pyramidal structure of the engineering family. 3. Understand roles of engineering personnel in the society. 4. Know the engineering professional associations in Nigeria. 5. Understand importance and process of engineering professional registration in Nigeria. 1.1 Identify, describe, technology and engineering in ancient Egypt, Rome, China, Europe, America 1.2 State developments from military to Civil Engineering . 1.3 State the industrial Revolution in England and its spread to Europe, Asia and Africa. 1.4 State Mo dern technology and eng ineering. 2.1 Identify the various cadres o f the engineering family . 2.2 State the ideal ratio of the different cadres of engineering personnel required for an engineering project team. 2.3 Identify the various engineering discipline. 2.4 Identify the pyramidal structure ...
🔹 Is Qualitative Data Always Primary Data? Insights from Stroke Care and IoV Research Understanding stroke care isn’t just about what happens — it’s about why it matters . In our recent research, we use a mix of sensor data , patient feedback , and AI-driven IoV analytics to capture the full story ( Saad, Jamshed, Adedamola, Nauman, & Kim, 2025 ). 📄 Click here to view the full paper 🧠Primary vs. Secondary Data Primary data → Data you collect yourself (interviews, observations, or IoV sensor readings). Secondary data → Data collected by someone else (published reports, case studies, open datasets). For example, if we interview stroke patients or observe IoV interactions , that’s primary qualitative data . But if we analyze existing case reports or published interviews , that’s secondary . “The last decade has witnessed considerable growth in the development of qualitative research... yet this is an area on which most researchers require some guid...
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