How Vehicles Can Act Like Mobile Batteries for the Power Grid How Vehicles Can Act Like Mobile Batteries for the Power Grid 🚗⚡ When we think about cars, we usually think about transportation — getting from one place to another. But modern vehicles, especially electric vehicles (EVs) , are starting to play a much bigger role in our energy system. In fact, vehicles can now act like mobile batteries that help support the power grid. Let’s break this down in a simple and easy way. What Does “Vehicle as a Mobile Energy Storage” Mean? Electric vehicles come with large built-in batteries. Most of the time, these batteries are only used to power the car. However, cars are parked for most of the day, which means a lot of stored energy goes unused. With modern energy technology, vehicles can: Charge electricity from the power grid ...
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Stabilizers, Photonics, and Machine Learning in Quantum Communication An intuitive guide for students and early researchers 1. What Are Stabilizers in Quantum Computing? In quantum systems, qubits are extremely sensitive to noise and errors caused by decoherence, imperfect gates, and environmental disturbances. Stabilizers are mathematical operators used to describe and monitor quantum states without directly measuring (and collapsing) them. A stabilizer is an operator that leaves a quantum state unchanged. If a quantum state is an eigenstate of a stabilizer operator with eigenvalue +1, the state is said to be stabilized by that operator. In simple terms: stabilizers act like consistency checks that tell us whether a quantum state has been disturbed by errors. 2. Stabilizer Codes (Quantum Error Correction) Stabilizer codes are a class of quantum error-correcting codes built using ...
How to Link a BibTeX (.bib) File to a LaTeX Main Document A simple guide for students and researchers using IEEE LaTeX 1. What Is a .bib File? A .bib file is a BibTeX bibliography database that stores references (articles, books, conference papers) in a structured format. LaTeX automatically pulls citations from this file into the main document. 2. Project Folder Structure Ensure your LaTeX project files are organized as follows: main.tex references.bib figures/ The main.tex file is your primary document, while references.bib contains all bibliography entries. 3. Adding the Bibliography to main.tex Insert the following lines near the end of your main.tex file, just before \end{document} . \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran} \bibliography{references} Note: Do not include the .bib extension in the filename. 4. Citing References in the Text Use the citation key defi...
What I Learned Fixing UI Issues Across Android 9 and Android 16 While testing my Android app Hierarchy Star Reports , I ran into an interesting real-world problem: the app worked perfectly on my phone running Android 9 , but my client experienced layout issues on a device running Android 16 . In this post, I’ll explain what went wrong , why it happened , and how I fixed it properly so the UI works consistently across Android versions. 🔍 The Problems Reported Text overlapping with the system navigation bar Some content (like “Entertainment never sleeps…”) not appearing on newer Android versions Legal / Copyright screen opening but showing blank content Too much or too little spacing depending on the device 📱 Why It Worked on Android 9 but Not Android 16 Newer Android versions (Android 12+) handle system insets differently. This includes: Status bar height Navigation gesture areas Edge-to-edge layouts Layouts that look fine on older Andr...
TOEIC (Online) Test Completion, Tips & Appreciation I successfully completed the TOEIC (Online) test under the BK21 Certified Language Test Preparation Program at Kyungpook National University (Daegu Campus) . Test Date: 27 January 2026 Total Score: 850 I sincerely thank the BK21 Program organizers and Kyungpook National University for providing this opportunity. The test was well organized and served as a valuable platform for assessing English proficiency. Tips for Future Test Takers Practice listening regularly using real-life materials such as news, podcasts, and conversations. Improve reading speed by reading English articles, emails, and reports daily. Review grammar fundamentals, especially for sentence completion questions. Manage time carefully during the test and avoid spending too long on difficult questions. Recommendations Take mock tests under timed conditions to become familiar with the TOEIC format. Focus on vocabulary...
📌 Teaching: How to Improve App Information Pages and Compliance When building or maintaining an application, it’s important to ensure that information pages are clear, consistent, and compliant with platform guidelines . A recent update demonstrates several best practices that every developer or content manager should consider. 1️⃣ Organize Content for Readability Long text or structured information should not be hardcoded directly into layouts . Instead, it’s best to store all user-facing text in resource files . This approach ensures: Easier updates without modifying layout files. Better maintainability for future versions. Support for localization or multi-language features. Additionally, layouts should use scrollable containers (like ScrollView ) to ensure content displays properly on all devices. 2️⃣ Implement a Clear Legal Section Providing a dedicated legal or compliance page is essential. Use standard, platform-approved wording to clarify content usage a...
Milestone: Deploying SmartHome Ethereum Contract on Ganache This post documents the next milestone in our Smart-Home Ethereum project: successfully deploying the SmartHome smart contract on a local Ethereum blockchain using Truffle and Ganache. This builds on the earlier step where the SmartHome Truffle project was linked to a Ganache workspace. Ganache Environment The deployment was carried out using the previously configured Ganache workspace: Workspace Name: SMART-HOME-TEST Network ID: 5777 RPC Server: http://127.0.0.1:7545 Mining Mode: AUTOMINING Deploying the SmartHome Contract With the Truffle project linked, the SmartHome smart contract was deployed to the local blockchain using the Truffle migration command: truffle migrate --network development The deployment transaction was successfully mined, and Ganache registered the SmartHome contract on the local Ethereum network. Contract Name: SmartHome Contract Address: 0x8514289859A4fdbEf49f27...
How to Install and Run Scyther GUI on Windows (Python 2.7) Installing Scyther on Windows can be tricky. Most errors come from mixing Python 3, virtual environments, or incompatible wxPython versions. This guide shows the tested working setup using Python 2.7 + wxPython 2.8 . ❌ Common Mistakes Trying to run Scyther with Python 3 Installing wxPython 4.x Creating virtual environments unnecessarily Running from Git Bash or WSL ✅ Working Setup Component Version Python 2.7 (32-bit) wxPython 2.8.12.1 Scyther v1.2.1 Windows Shell Windows CMD / PowerShell 📥 Step 1: Install Python 2.7 (32-bit) Download from Python 2.7.18 and install to C:\Python27\ . py -2.7 --version 📥 Step 2: Download Scyther (Windows) Download Scyther v1.2.1 from the official site: Scyther Download Page . Extract to a folder, e.g., C:\Users\YOURNAME\Downloads\Scyther . 🔍 Step 3: Verify wxPyt...
Why OpenReview Is Changing Academic Publishing — and Why You Should Join Too Academic publishing is evolving, and platforms that promote openness and transparency are leading the way. One of the most impactful platforms driving this change today is OpenReview . After successfully signing up and exploring the platform, one thing became very clear: OpenReview is not just another submission system — it is a research community. 🔍 What Makes OpenReview Different? Traditional publishing systems are often closed, slow, and difficult to navigate. OpenReview takes a completely different approach by embracing openness at every stage. Open Peer Review: Reviews and discussions are transparent, improving fairness and accountability. Open Access: Research is freely available to everyone, without paywalls. Open Discussion: Authors can engage with reviewers and the research community in real time. Active Venues: Hundreds of conferences, journals, and workshops use Open...
Milestone: Linking SmartHome Truffle Project in Ganache This post documents a key milestone in our Smart-Home Ethereum project: successfully linking the SmartHome Truffle project to the Ganache workspace. Ganache Workspace Setup We used Ganache to create a local Ethereum blockchain for testing: Workspace Name: SMART-HOME-TEST Network ID: 5777 RPC Server: http://127.0.0.1:7545 Mining Status: AUTOMINING Linking Truffle Project The project folder containing truffle-config.js was linked to the Ganache workspace. This allows Ganache to track deployed contracts, transactions, events, and contract state. Screenshot: Truffle project linked in Ganache Next Steps After linking, we can: Deploy the SmartHome contract using truffle migrate --network development . Observe deployed contracts, transactions, and events directly in Ganache. Use the Truffle console to interact with the SmartHome contract: truffle console --network development let ...
Fixing Blank Pages in an Android App Fixing Music, Movies, and Sports Pages in an Android App (With Screenshot Proof) During Android app development, it is common to encounter issues where some pages do not display correctly. In a client entertainment app (company name omitted for confidentiality), the Music, Movies, and Sports pages were showing blank or unreadable content due to layout and activity configuration problems. This post explains how the issue was fixed and verified. Problem Description Music, Movies, and Sports pages displayed blank screens. UI content was not visible or readable. Activities were not properly linked to their layout files. Solution Approach To fix the problem, separate XML layout files were created and correctly linked to their respective activities. 1. Music Layout (activity_music.xml) <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_par...
How to Set Up Node.js for Running an Ethereum Smart Contract Project on Windows Running Ethereum-based projects (such as smart-home DApps) requires a properly configured Node.js environment. This post documents step-by-step how the setup was completed on Windows, including verification of all installed tools. 1. Problem Encountered When attempting to run Ethereum-related commands, the following error appeared: bash: node: command not found This indicates that Node.js was either not installed or not available in the system PATH. 2. Installing Chocolatey (Windows Package Manager) Chocolatey is a package manager that simplifies software installation on Windows. Step 1: Open PowerShell as Administrator Press Start Search for PowerShell Right-click → Run as Administrator Step 2: Install Chocolatey Run the Chocolatey installation script in PowerShell. Make sure to run PowerShell as Administrator and follow the prompts. Step 3: Verify Chocolatey Installation Rest...
Pushing a Local Ethereum Smart Home Project to GitHub: Problems Faced and How I Solved Them While working on my Ethereum-based smart home authentication project, I encountered several unexpected issues when trying to push my local files from my PC to a GitHub repository. Although the task seemed simple, a combination of Git configuration issues, merge states, and editor problems made the process confusing. 📌 Project Context The project is a blockchain-based smart home authentication system built using Ethereum and Truffle. The goal was simply to save and back up the complete local project structure to GitHub. ⚠️ Problems Encountered Git entered a MERGING state unexpectedly The default Git editor (Vim) opened and appeared “stuck” Terminal kept flickering with no visible changes git commit reported “nothing to commit” Confusion about whether files were actually pushed or not 🔍 Investigation and Diagnosis Running the following commands helped clarify the ...
Completion of BK21-Supported TOEIC Preparatory Program I successfully completed an intensive English language proficiency preparatory program officially supported by the Brain Korea 21 (BK21) initiative of the Ministry of Education and the National Research Foundation of Korea. The program was designed for graduate students and researchers and focused on strengthening TOEIC listening comprehension and reading comprehension through small-group, level-based instruction. The training was conducted over a structured period from December 2, 2025 to January 22, 2026 , with a total instructional duration of 42 hours , and classes concluding on January 20, 2026 . Key learning areas included professional and academic English usage, with emphasis on commonly tested collocations such as: strictly confidential mutually exclusive temporarily unavailable The course significantly improved listening accuracy, reading speed, and contextual understanding, contributing to cl...
Applying Global and Local Attention to V2X Systems The distinction between local and global attention is especially relevant in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems, where vehicles must process both nearby and long-range information under strict latency and reliability constraints. Local Attention in V2X In a V2X setting, sliding-window (local) attention can be used to model immediate surroundings , such as: Nearby vehicles (V2V) Adjacent lanes and intersections Short-range sensor or roadside unit (RSU) messages Using Q s , K s , V s , the model efficiently focuses on spatially or temporally adjacent entities. This is critical for real-time tasks such as collision avoidance, lane changing, and cooperative perception, where local context dominates decision-making. Global Attention in V2X Global attention, computed using Q g , K g , V g , enables the model to capture long-range dependencies that are also vital in intelligent transportation syste...
Fixing a Missing TextView Issue in Android Studio (Layout Shows Title but Not Subtitle) While working on an Android app UI, I encountered an issue where a TextView subtitle refused to appear on the screen, even though: The layout XML was correct The app compiled successfully No runtime crashes occurred Interestingly, the main title showed up perfectly — only the subtitle was missing. Initial Setup The layout used a simple LinearLayout with two TextView s: <TextView android:text="@string/title_home" /> <TextView android:text="@string/subtitle_home" /> The subtitle text was defined inside strings.xml and referenced correctly. Root Cause The problem was not the layout and not the string resource . The real issue was caused by: Android caching old resources The app process still running in memory The emulator reusing a previous app state In short: the UI was not refreshing with the updated re...
How to Complete the KNUCUBE Satisfaction Survey (Extracurricular Program) This post explains the general procedure for completing the mandatory satisfaction survey on KNUCUBE after participating in an extracurricular program. ※ This guide is based on user experience. No personal information, student IDs, or internal system data are included. Example Program Information Program Title: How to Write a High-Quality Paper Using AI Operation Period: January 14, 2026 Related Competencies: Basic Research Skills, Professional Knowledge, Research & Academic Ethics, Resource Utilization Step 1. Log in to KNUCUBE Access the KNUCUBE platform and log in with your university account. Step 2. Navigate to My Career / My Page From the top menu, click My Career or My Page . Select Competency Development Status . Step 3. Open Extracurricular Activities Click Extracurricular Activities or Competency Development Activities . Locate the l...
I Caught AI Making a Mistake — And Why You Should Be Careful Too AI tools can write, summarize, draft, and assist with incredible speed. But no matter how helpful they are, they are not perfect . Recently, I caught an AI assistant giving me a suggestion that would have caused an embarrassing error in a formal academic paper. This experience reminded me of something important: AI can be powerful, but users must stay aware and think critically. The Moment I Caught the AI I asked the AI to help refine a research manuscript. It suggested adding a sentence like: “To address the reviewer’s concern…” At first glance, it sounded reasonable. But this kind of sentence should never be included in a published paper. Academic writing must remain neutral and should not mention the review process. The AI wasn’t trying to mislead me — it simply generated something that looked appropriate. But it was wrong for the context. And if I hadn’t noticed, it would have made the manuscript look...
How to Fix the LaTeX “Not allowed in LR mode” Error When Highlighting Revisions If you highlight changes in a LaTeX manuscript using commands such as \change{...} , \rev{...} , or \hl{...} , you may eventually run into this error: LaTeX Error: Not allowed in LR mode. This often confuses authors, especially during journal revisions. Fortunately, the cause is simple: you placed a command inside the highlight block that LaTeX does not allow in LR mode. 🔍 Why This Error Happens Highlight macros like \change{} put LaTeX into a restricted text-only mode called LR mode . Inside LR mode, LaTeX only accepts basic text . The following commands cannot appear inside a highlight block: Section commands: \section , \subsection , \subsubsection Figures and tables List environments ( itemize , enumerate ) Math environments ( equation , align ) Captions and labels ( \caption , \label ) Any \begin{...} / \end{...} environment If even one of these appears in...
How to Methodologically Revise & Highlight Changes for IEEE Journal Resubmissions (LaTeX/Overleaf) A practical workflow for IEEE IoT Journal resubmission: highlighting revisions in LaTeX, organizing your project, and preparing your response-to-reviewers. Receiving a decision of “reject with invitation to resubmit” can feel tough, but it’s also an opportunity to improve the paper and clearly demonstrate those improvements to reviewers. For the IEEE Internet of Things Journal (IoT‑J) , authors are explicitly asked to underline or highlight changes in the resubmitted manuscript (or use Track Changes in Word). If you write in LaTeX, you can implement a “similar method” by visually marking edits so reviewers can see them instantly. 1) Understand the Journal’s Instruction When you receive the decision letter, read the resubmission instructions carefully. For IEEE IoT‑J, the Editor-in-Chief may state that “changes m...
Basic Array Operations in Python Using NumPy In this post, I demonstrate a simple and reproducible example of numerical array operations using the NumPy library in Python. NumPy is a foundational tool for scientific computing, simulations, and data analysis. Background NumPy provides efficient support for multi-dimensional arrays and vectorized mathematical operations. These capabilities are widely used in areas such as signal processing, machine learning, traffic modeling, and V2X latency analysis. Test Objective The goal of this test is to: Create numerical arrays Perform element-wise addition Compute a statistical summary (mean) Test Code import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) b = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40]) c = a + b mean_val = np.mean(c) print("Array a:", a) print("Array b:", b) print("a + b:", c) print("Mean of (a + b):", mean_val) Observed Output (Text) Array a: [1 2 3 4] Array b: [10 20 30 40] a ...
Running a Discrete-Event Simulation in Python Using SimPy In this post, I demonstrate how to successfully run a simple discrete-event queueing simulation in Python using the SimPy framework. This example models customers arriving at a movie theater and waiting for service. Background SimPy is a process-based discrete-event simulation framework used in research areas such as traffic modeling, communication networks, healthcare systems, and V2X latency analysis. Initial Challenge While running the simulation, I encountered the following error: statistics.StatisticsError: mean requires at least one data point This happened because multiple simulation environments were created. In SimPy, all processes must run in the same environment . Once corrected, the simulation executed successfully. Corrected and Working Code import simpy import random import statistics wait_times = [] class Theater: def __init__(self, env, num_cashiers): self.env = env ...
How I Uploaded My NR-V2X Pedestrian Safety Project to GitHub Using SSH (Windows + Git Bash) If you’re a researcher or student, keeping your projects on GitHub is a lifesaver. It gives version control, easy sharing, and backup . In this tutorial, I’ll show you how I uploaded my NR-V2X Pedestrian Safety project to GitHub securely using SSH on Windows. Step 1: Install Git and Open Git Bash First, install Git for Windows: https://git-scm.com/downloads Once installed, open Git Bash — it handles SSH much better than Command Prompt or PowerShell. Step 2: Create an SSH Folder In Git Bash, type: mkdir ~/.ssh This creates a hidden .ssh folder in your home directory. Step 3: Generate an SSH Key Pair ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com" -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 Press Enter when asked for a passphrase (optional) This creates: id_ed25519 → private key (keep secret) id_ed25519.pub → public key (to share with GitHub) Step 4: Start the SSH A...