Posts

Showing posts from December, 2025

How to Back Up Your University Google Account (Google Takeout)

Image
How to Back Up Your University Google Account (Google Takeout) Quick steps you can paste into a Blogspot post. Back up your emails, Drive files, and contacts before your account is deleted. Open Google Takeout Visit takeout.google.com and make sure you are signed in with your university account. Click Deselect all Google selects almost everything by default. Click Deselect all so you only export what you need. Select what to export Choose only the important items: Mail — all Gmail messages (MBOX) Drive — all files you own in My Drive Contacts — saved contacts Optional: Photos, Keep, Calendar only if you use them. Click Next step At the bottom of the page, press Next step to set export options. Choose export settings Recommended settings: ...

How to Add Binary Numbers in Cyclic Codes: Why 0101 + 1111 = 1010

In cyclic codes and other linear block codes used in digital communications, binary addition does not follow the normal carry-based binary arithmetic. Instead, it uses modulo-2 addition , also known as the bitwise XOR operation . This method is simple, fast, and widely used in error-detecting and error-correcting algorithms. Understanding Modulo-2 (XOR) Addition Modulo-2 addition works bit by bit, and it does not generate carries. This means each bit is added independently, using the rules: 0 ⊕ 0 = 0 0 ⊕ 1 = 1 1 ⊕ 0 = 1 1 ⊕ 1 = 0 In short, XOR outputs 1 only when the bits are different. Example: 0101 + 1111 Let’s add the two binary numbers using modulo-2 addition: 0101 ⊕ 1111 ------- 1010 Step-by-Step Table Bit Pair Operation Result 0 ⊕ 1 0 + 1 (mod 2) 1 1 ⊕ 1 1 + 1 (mod 2) 0 0 ⊕ 0 0 + 0 (mod 2) 0 1 ⊕ 0 ...